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@ -45,6 +45,19 @@ last_modified_at: 2020-11-05
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- [Enterprise Ethereum Alliance - Enterprise EthereumClient Specification V215 October 2018](https://entethalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/EEA_Enterprise_Ethereum_Client_Specification_V2.pdf)
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> The Infrastructure Contracts and Standards sublayer shows emerging standards outside theEnterprise Ethereum core specification. The components in this layer provide enablers for the applications built on top of them.Role Based Access Control (RBAC) defines methods for authentication and restricting system access to authorized users, potentially realized through smart contracts.Network Governance methods control which entities can join the network and hence assist withsafeguarding exchanges.Token standards provide common interfaces and methods along with best practices. These include[ERC-20], [ERC-223], [ERC-621], [ERC-721], and [ERC-827].
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- [Enterprise Ethereum Alliance Permissioned Blockchains Specification v2](https://entethalliance.github.io/client-spec/chainspec.html) EEA Editor's Draft 01 November 2020
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> This document, the Enterprise Ethereum Blockchain Specification, defines requirements for Enterprise Ethereum blockchains to ensure they can be processed interoperably by Enterprise Ethereum clients that conform to the Enterprise Ethereum Client specification [EEA-client]. Its primary intended audience is operators of Enterprise Ethereum blockchains.
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> [...]\
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> **Credential Management Sublayer**\
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> Credentials, in the context of Enterprise Ethereum blockchains, refer to an individual’s cryptographic private keys, which are associated with that user’s Ethereum account.\
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> [...]\
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> This section presents a smart contract based registry, to provide on-chain validation that a particular Ethereum accounts or nodes is owned by a participating organization in an Enterprise Ethereum blockchain.\
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> [...]\
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> An Organization Registry follows the design outlined below.\
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> ORGIDS-300: Enterprise Ethereum Blockchains MAY implement a smart contract based Organization Registry that provides cryptographic bindings between Ethereum accounts and their owning organization with identity proofs.
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## [Web3Modal/web3modal](https://github.com/Web3Modal/web3modal)
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> Web3Modal is an easy-to-use library to help developers add support for multiple providers in their apps with a simple customizable configuration.
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@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ toc: false
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> For self-sovereign identity and to enable user-managed access control, 3Box uses Ceramic’s 3ID DID method which allows users to control their identity, information, and services using all of their existing private wallet keys.
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* [Identity-centric interoperability with the Ceramic Protocol – Joel Thorstensson – Webinar 57](https://ssimeetup.org/identity-centric-interoperability-ceramic-protocol-joel-thorstensson-webinar-57/)
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> [Ceramic](https://medium.com/ceramic/introduction-to-the-ceramic-protocol-8d56951ae3f) is a new permissionless protocol for creating and accessing unstoppable documents that serve as the foundation for a connected, interoperable web without silos. Joel Thorstensson is the founder and CTO of 3Box and the primary author of the ceramic protocol as well as several Ethereum standards for identity and will provide a conceptual and technical intro to Ceramic.
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> [...]
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> Ceramic uses DIDs (Decentralized Identifiers), IPLD (InterPlanetary Linked Data), signed messages, and blockchain anchoring to create a trusted and shared graph of verifiable documents. While flexible, these documents are especially well-suited for self-sovereign identity systems, user-centric data ecosystems, and open web services.
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> [Ceramic](https://medium.com/ceramic/introduction-to-the-ceramic-protocol-8d56951ae3f) is a new permissionless protocol for creating and accessing unstoppable documents that serve as the foundation for a connected, interoperable web without silos. Joel Thorstensson is the founder and CTO of 3Box and the primary author of the ceramic protocol as well as several Ethereum standards for identity and will provide a conceptual and technical intro to Ceramic.\
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> [...]\
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> Ceramic uses DIDs (Decentralized Identifiers), IPLD (InterPlanetary Linked Data), signed messages, and blockchain anchoring to create a trusted and shared graph of verifiable documents. While flexible, these documents are especially well-suited for self-sovereign identity systems, user-centric data ecosystems, and open web services.\
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* [Technical Specification](https://github.com/ceramicnetwork/ceramic/blob/master/SPECIFICATION.md)
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> Ceramic is a decentralized protocol that enables the creation of mutable, tamper-resistant, smart documents on a worldwide public network. Smart documents are achieved through a combination of digital signatures, document update rules, and blockchain anchoring. A Ceramic document is a flexible data structure that can be used to represent a wide variety of things such as self-sovereign identities, specific pieces of data or content, media files, schemas, policies for data access control, verifiable credentials, agreements between multiple parties, etc. The protocol doesn’t rely on any particular blockchain system, instead it utilizes [IPLD](https://ipld.io/) to encode document changes into a hash linked data structure, called a Merkle DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph), and anchors those updates into a blockchain which provides strict ordering to the content of a given document. As a result, Ceramic can be conceptualized as network of individual "doc-chains." Verifying the state of a particular document only requires a user to sync the data of the given document, and the user does not need to sync the state of the entire network as is the case with all blockchain networks that maintain a global state (i.e. Bitcoin, Ethereum). A node in the Ceramic network can thus choose to only pin the documents it cares about. This means that there is no global ledger of documents.
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@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ last_modified_at: 2020-11-04
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> Veres is a credentialing platform that uses Verifiable Claims technology to digitize any credential that can be stored in a physical wallet. Veres enables more secure and efficient exchange of customer and employee credentials (ID cards, digital offers, receipts, tickets) across a wide variety of industries (government, education, healthcare, financial services). Other benefits include reduced risk and easier regulatory compliance.
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* [NAFTA/CAFTA Proof of Concept Overview & Results](https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2019-Oct/Final-NAFTA-CAFTA-Report.pdf)
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> A joint effort was spearheaded by Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and private sector organizations. The POC specifically tested the feasibility of the technology for receiving certificate of origin (CO) data and conducting free trade agreement (FTA) origin verifications.
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> [...]
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> **Appendix C – Digital Bazaar: NAFTA/CAFTA POC Findings**
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> A joint effort was spearheaded by Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and private sector organizations. The POC specifically tested the feasibility of the technology for receiving certificate of origin (CO) data and conducting free trade agreement (FTA) origin verifications.\
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> [...]\
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> **Appendix C – Digital Bazaar: NAFTA/CAFTA POC Findings**\
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> The goal of the NAFTA/CAFTA POC was to evaluate the application of Blockchain technology to the Entry Summary submission process with a specific focus on submitting the Certificate of Origin and enabling content integrity verification before it is requested by a CBP Import Specialist.
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## Projects
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@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ Digital Bazaar founder, Manu Sporney, proposed the [W3C Credentials Community Gr
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## DHS Funding
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* [DHS S&T Awards $1.3 Million to Small Businesses for Cyber Security Research and Development](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2016/08/12/news-release-dhs-st-awards-13-million-small-businesses-cyber) - August 12, 2016
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> WASHINGTON —The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) has awarded $1.3 million to 13 small businesses for the development of new cyber security technology.
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> [...]
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> WASHINGTON —The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) has awarded $1.3 million to 13 small businesses for the development of new cyber security technology.\
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> [...]\
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> 1. Applicability of Blockchain Technology to Identity Management and Privacy Protection: The goal of this topic is to use blockchain technology, which centralizes and validates new entries added into an existing data field to support identity verification. Awardees are:
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>
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> Digital Bazaar, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, is developing a Linked Data ledger format and architecture to demonstrate how to publish identity credentials.
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* [DHS S&T awards $9.7M for 13 Phase II Small Business Innovation Research Projects](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2017/05/02/press-release-dhs-st-awards-97m-13-phase-ii-sbir-projects) - May 2, 2017
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> Each Phase II award contract received approximately $750,000 to develop a prototype based on the feasibility of the technologies demonstrated in the Phase I effort, which were completed in November 2016.
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> [...]
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> Each Phase II award contract received approximately $750,000 to develop a prototype based on the feasibility of the technologies demonstrated in the Phase I effort, which were completed in November 2016.\
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> [...]\
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> • Digital Bazaar (Blacksburg, VA), Verifiable Claims and Fit-for-Purpose Decentralized Ledgers
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* [DHS S&T Awards $750K to Virginia Tech Company for Blockchain Identity Management Research and Development](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2017/09/25/news-release-dhs-st-awards-750k-virginia-tech-company) - September 25, 2017
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> WASHINGTON— The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) has awarded a $749,241 Small Business Innovation Program (SBIR) contract to Digital Bazaar, Inc. to develop fit-for-purpose blockchains for identity and access management.
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> - Independent developers and businesses to build solutions that are easily adopted by people from every walk of life.
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> To meet these goals, we recently released [our library for Verifiable Credential eXchange](http://github.com/evernym/sdk) (libVCX) under a permissive open source license.
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* [Evernym Joins Hyperledger](https://www.evernym.com/blog/evernym-joins-hyperledger/)
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> Today it was officially announced that Evernym has joined Hyperledger. It may strike readers familiar with our history as odd to learn that we’ve just now officially become part of the effort, since we are the inventors of Hyperledger Indy, one of the five Hyperledger projects. But this is how it’s worked out.
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> [...]
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> Today it was officially announced that Evernym has joined Hyperledger. It may strike readers familiar with our history as odd to learn that we’ve just now officially become part of the effort, since we are the inventors of Hyperledger Indy, one of the five Hyperledger projects. But this is how it’s worked out.\
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> [...]\
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> in the fall of 2015 we decided to find the best way to make the ledger truly independent, and recognized that the solution was to give it away. At the time we didn’t know exactly what that meant, apart from the fact that we would be turning the ledger into a global public utility upon which any entity (including future Evernym competitors) could build their own SSI applications.
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* [Evernym and IBM team up to accelerate adoption of self-sovereign identity](https://www.evernym.com/blog/evernym-and-ibm-team-up/)
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> In my previous posts, I highlighted the Job-Creds POC — a self-sovereign identity (SSI) collaboration between Evernym, IBM, and others, and most recently introduced Evernym’s Accelerator program. In this article, I’m excited to introduce an expanded partnership with IBM
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## History
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* [Factom - About](https://www.factom.com/company/about-us/)
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> Factom, Inc. is a blockchain innovations company. Established in 2014, the founders recognized bitcoin’s limitations to be a practical blockchain for Enterprise data solutions. Generally, distributed records, information and documents have been difficult to protect, challenging to synchronize, and impossible to truly verify because of the manual effort involved. In response to these challenges, we built the Factom blockchain as open source, reaching full decentralization in May 2018.
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[...]
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> Factom, Inc. is a blockchain innovations company. Established in 2014, the founders recognized bitcoin’s limitations to be a practical blockchain for Enterprise data solutions. Generally, distributed records, information and documents have been difficult to protect, challenging to synchronize, and impossible to truly verify because of the manual effort involved. In response to these challenges, we built the Factom blockchain as open source, reaching full decentralization in May 2018.\
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> [...]\
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> In 2017, we raised over $8 million in a Series A led by Tim Draper, of Draper Associates. This series of funding included many valuable investors such as Medici Ventures, a wholly owned subsidiary of Overstock.com, Inc., Peeli Ventures, and Harvest Equity. With our Series A funding, we built Factom Harmony, our Blockchain-as-a-Service platform
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* [DHS S&T Awards $199K to Austin Based Factom Inc. for Internet of Things Systems Security](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2016/06/17/st-awards-199k-austin-based-factom-inc-iot-systems-security) (2016)
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> The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) today awarded $199,000 to Factom Inc. based in Austin, Texas, to advance the security of digital identity for Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
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> Closing our seed round coincides with another exciting announcement: our recent launch of Phase II work with the U.S. [Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology’s Silicon Valley Innovation Program (SVIP)](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2019/11/08/news-release-dhs-awards-198k-raw-material-import-tracking) to enhance “transparency, automation and security in processing the importation of raw materials” like steel.
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- [Transmute Releases Technical Workbenches](https://medium.com/transmute-techtalk/transmute-releases-technical-workbenches-892f8140ac6e)
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> Transmute is proud to announce the release of several new technical workbenches as a part of our continued commitment to open-standards development, interoperability, and product transparency.
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> [...]
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> Transmute is proud to announce the release of several new technical workbenches as a part of our continued commitment to open-standards development, interoperability, and product transparency.\
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> [...]\
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> - [Element Ropsten Workbench](http://staging.element.transmute.industries/)
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> - [Encrypted Data Vault Workbench](https://staging.data-vault.transmute.industries/)
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> - [DID Key Workbench](http://did.key.transmute.industries/)
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@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ There are more DHS portfolio companies, but these are the relevant sections:
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* [News Release: DHS Awards $198K for Raw Material Import Tracking Using Blockchain](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2019/11/08/news-release-dhs-awards-198k-raw-material-import-tracking)
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> S&T is exploring the application of blockchain to issue credentials digitally to enhance security, ensure interoperability and prevent forgery and counterfeiting. **Transmute** builds identity management solutions that use blockchain technology to streamline and enforce identity authorization. Its Phase 1 award project “Verifiable Provenance, Traceability, and Regulatory Compliance for Raw Material Imports” will adapt Transmute ID, its core technology product that leverages centralized and decentralized identity infrastructures to secure individual agency identities and verifiable credentials to ensure that CBP has visibility into the provenance, traceability and regulatory compliance of raw material imports.
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* [DHS Awards $181K for Flexible Decentralized Digital Credentials](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2019/11/14/news-release-dhs-awards-181k-verify-digital-credentials)
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> The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) has awarded $181,392 to **SICPA Product Security**, LLC based in Springfield, VA to develop a solution for credential issuers to manage and verify digital credentials that are the secure digital equivalent to secure physical credentials without reengineering their current processes and systems.
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> [...]
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> The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) has awarded $181,392 to **SICPA Product Security**, LLC based in Springfield, VA to develop a solution for credential issuers to manage and verify digital credentials that are the secure digital equivalent to secure physical credentials without reengineering their current processes and systems.\
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> [...]\
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> SICPA's Phase 1 award project “Decentralized Digital Identity for Online and Offline Verification” will build a flexible, credential-based identity solution that includes the enrollment, creation, issuance and management of secure digital credentials through interoperable, open standards, which will seamlessly coexist with current processes and systems while enabling offline credentials validation.
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* [DHS awards $200k for scalable, interoperable distributed ledger for credential exchange](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2019/11/18/news-release-dhs-awards-200k)
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> **SecureKey Technologies** Phase 1 award project “Identity Documents Proofing, Presentation and Exchange system” will adapt the concepts and code associated with its Verified.Me commercial strength identity network solution that offer availability, disaster recovery, fraud prevention, monitoring and other essential operational controls to support Transportation Security Administration and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services needs around the issuance and validation of identity documents for travel and employment authorization.
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@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ There are more DHS portfolio companies, but these are the relevant sections:
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* [DHS Awards $193K for a Standards Based Approach to an Alternative Identifier to the Social Security Number](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2020/10/09/news-release-dhs-awards-alternative-identifier-social-security-number)
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> **SecureKey** Technologies Phase 1 award project, “Alternative Identifier to the Social Security Number,” will facilitate the DHS Social Security Number (SSN) reduction initiative to support the DHS Office of Privacy Policy Instruction 047-01-010, “Social Security Number Collection and Use Reduction.” The solution would allow a globally unique, meaningless and verifiable identifier to be issued to individuals. This number would not reveal personally identifiable information and could not be reused for cross tracking or as a shared secret. It would allow individuals to obtain their identifier from a trusted authority and securely share it with legitimate organizations. Individuals would be in control of sharing the identifier and would be able to see a history of organizations that obtained the identifier. Websites receiving the identifier from an individual would not be able to link the individual across systems or organizations without an audit trail or regulatory need, such as within government agencies or financial institutions with multiple lines of business.
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* [DHS Awards $200K for Issuing and Validating Essential Work and Task Licenses](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2020/10/09/news-release-dhs-awards-200k-issuing-and-validating-essential-work-and-task-licenses)
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> WASHINGTON – The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) has awarded $200,000 to **MATTR LIMITED**, a woman-owned start-up based in Auckland, New Zealand, to develop a capability to digitally issue and validate essential work and task licenses for United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
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> [...]
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> WASHINGTON – The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) has awarded $200,000 to **MATTR LIMITED**, a woman-owned start-up based in Auckland, New Zealand, to develop a capability to digitally issue and validate essential work and task licenses for United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).\
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> [...]\
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> MATTR is currently building an extensive set of foundational capabilities in a software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform for verifiable credential issuance, verification, and storage. An essential worker or a person performing an essential task would receive various credentials and attestations from many issuers containing relevant assertions about their essential work or task status. Their solution also offers the option to validate the information further by using either public or private registries of authoritative verifiable information.
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* [DHS S&T Silicon Valley Innovation Program Makes New Phase 1 Awards to a Global Cohort of Five Blockchain Companies](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2020/10/09/news-release-dhs-st-svip-makes-new-phase-1-awards-five-blockchain-companies)
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> **MATTR Limited**, a woman-owned start-up based in Auckland, New Zealand, was awarded $200,000 to help USCIS develop a capability to digitally issue and validate essential work and task licenses. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the need for this capability. MATTR proposes to build an extensive set of foundational capabilities in a software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform for verifiable credential issuance, verification, and storage.
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