Much appreciation for [WebOfTrustInfo](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/) and the [blockchain-identity](https://github.com/peacekeeper/blockchain-identity) repositories, to which this document is indebted.
This is a skeleton, around which I will fill some background information; highlight the chosen resources; rearrange things a bit, and provide some justification for its layout.
>Imagine a world where you are in direct control of your personal information; a world where you can limit and control how much information you share while retaining the ability to transact in the world. This is self-sovereign identity, and it is already here. Blockchain is the underlying technology paving the path to self-sovereign identity through decentralized networks. It ensures privacy and trust, where transactions are secure, authenticated and verifiable and endorsed by relevant, permissioned participants,'—[Jerry Cuomo - IBM](https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/10/the-promise-of-managing-identity-on-the-blockchain/)
* [The Relationship Between Blockchain and Digital Identity](http://www.gsma.com/personaldata/the-relationship-between-blockchain-and-digital-identity)
* [Identity as a Bottleneck for Blockchain](https://blockchainhub.net/blog/blog/decentralized-identity-blockchain/)
<blockquoteclass="twitter-tweet"data-lang="en"><plang="en"dir="ltr">0/ “Self-Sovereign Identity: A Progress Report”…</p>— Christopher Allen (@ChristopherA) <ahref="https://twitter.com/ChristopherA/status/989120215702261761?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 25, 2018</a></blockquote>
>The Web of Trust is a buzzword for a new model of decentralized self-sovereign identity. It’s a phrase that dates back almost twenty-five years, the classic definition derives from PGP.
>But some use it as a term to include self-sovereign identity authentication & verification, certificate validation, and reputation assessment, while the vibrant blockchain community is also drawing new attention to the concept we aim to reboot it. —[Rebranding the Web of Trust](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust/blob/master/final-documents/rebranding-web-of-trust.pdf)
* [Framework for the Comparison of Identity Systems](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust-fall2017/blob/master/topics-and-advance-readings/Framework-for-Comparison-of-Identity-Systems.md)
* [A Primer on Functional Identity](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust-fall2017/blob/master/topics-and-advance-readings/functional-identity-primer.md)
* [The DCS Theorem](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust-fall2017/blob/master/final-documents/dcs-theorem/The-DCS-Theorem.md) — We use the triangle to show decentralized consensus systems, like blockchains, can have _Decentralization_, _Consensus_, or _Scale_, but not all three properties simultaneously.
* [Digital Verification Advancements at RWoT III](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust-fall2016/blob/master/final-documents/digital-verification-advancements.pdf)
* [Identity Crisis: Clear Identity through Correlation](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/ID2020DesignWorkshop/blob/master/final-documents/identity-crisis.pdf)
* [Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust/blob/master/final-documents/dpki.pdf)
* [Powering the Physician-Patient Relationship with HIE of One Blockchain Health IT](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/ID2020DesignWorkshop/blob/master/final-documents/physician-patient-relationship.pdf)
* [Protecting Digital Identities in Developing Countries](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/ID2020DesignWorkshop/blob/master/final-documents/protecting-digital-identities-in-developing-countries.pdf)
* [Opportunities Created by the Web of Trust for Controlling and Leveraging Personal Data](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust/blob/master/final-documents/satisfying-real-world-use-cases.pdf)
* Bitcoiners got involved with the Syrian refugee crisis, perhaps inspiring the UN who, soon after, began investigating the potential of blockchain for humanitarian aide.
* "seeks to establish the concept of "world citizenship" through identity registration on the blockchain. The project is collaborating with the Estonian e-Residency program and also has a focus on offering 'blockchain emergency IDs' to refugees."
* [AID:Tech](https://aid.technology) — "is a voucher and digital identity solution for refugees. A digital record of a person's identity is stored on a smart card, along with various additional information. Blockchain technology is used to distribute all resources in a highly traceable manner."
* [Decentralized Identity Foundation Grows To 56 Members In Our First Year](https://medium.com/decentralized-identity/decentralized-identity-foundation-grows-to-56-members-in-our-first-year-3ec117e811d8)
* [@ChristopherA on DID adoption](https://twitter.com/ChristopherA/status/989122017348784130)
> "22/ Over a dozen companies and organizations, using multiple blockchains (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Hyperledger, etc.), have committed to deploying DIDs, including IBM, Microsoft, Digital Bazaar, Consensys, Evernym, Learning Machine, British Columbia, and more:" —[How blockchain could solve the internet privacy problem](https://www.computerworld.com/article/3267930/blockchain/how-blockchain-could-solve-the-internet-privacy-problem.html)
* [Requirements for DIDs](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/ID2020DesignWorkshop/blob/master/final-documents/requirements-for-dids.pdf)
* [Veres One DID Method 1.0](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust-fall2017/blob/master/final-documents/did-method-veres-one.md) — a permissionless public ledger designed specifically for the creation and management of decentralized identifiers (DIDs)
* [Blockchains and Data Protection in the European Union](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3080322)
* [IBM — How blockchain could address five areas associated with GDPR compliance](https://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?htmlfid=61014461USEN)
* [GDPR - A reflection on the 'self-sovereign identity' and the Blockchain](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/gdpr-reflection-self-sovereign-identity-blockchain-nicolas-ameye/)
* [GDPR and Privacy by Design, What developers need to know](https://medium.com/@sphereidentity/gdpr-and-privacy-by-design-what-developers-need-to-know-fa5a936da65a)
* [Privacy by Design The 7 Foundational Principles](https://www.ipc.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/Resources/7foundationalprinciples.pdf)
* [When GDPR Becomes Real, and Blockchain is no longer fairydust](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust-fall2017/blob/master/final-documents/gdpr.md)
* [Privacy Impact Assesment (PIA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_Impact_Assessment) — a process which assists organizations in identifying and minimizing the privacy risks of new projects or policies.
* [The Three Models of Digital Identity Relationships — How self-sovereign identity (SSI) is different, and why it’s better](https://medium.com/evernym/the-three-models-of-digital-identity-relationships-ca0727cb5186)
* [Sovrin: A Protocol and Token for Self-Sovereign Identity and Decentralized Trust](https://sovrin.org/wp-content/uploads/Sovrin-Protocol-and-Token-White-Paper.pdf)
* [Digital Identity Management in the Context of GDPR & Sovrin —Why Data Privacy Matters & How to Protect It](https://blog.tykn.tech/digital-identity-management-in-the-context-of-gdpr-sovrin-43028247378b)
* [Decentralization in Sovrin](http://www.windley.com/archives/2018/10/decentralization_in_sovrin.shtml)
* [Decentralization and Distributed Ledgers](http://www.windley.com/archives/2016/08/decentralization_and_distributed_ledgers.shtml)
* [An Internet for Identity](http://www.windley.com/archives/2016/08/an_internet_for_identity.shtml)
* [The Case for Decentralized Identity](http://www.windley.com/archives/2017/08/the_case_for_decentralized_identity.shtml)
* [Building Your Business on Sovrin: Domain-Specific Trust Frameworks](http://www.windley.com/archives/2018/03/building_your_business_on_sovrin_domain-specific_trust_frameworks.shtml)
* [Plenum Byzantine Fault Tolerant Protocol](https://github.com/hyperledger/indy-plenum/wiki) based on [RBFT](http://lig-membres.imag.fr/aublin/rbft/report.pdf)
* "Byzantine fault tolerance is a sub-field of fault tolerance research inspired by the Byzantine Generals' Problem, which is a generalized version of the Two Generals' Problem."
* [An Accumulator Based on Bilinear Maps and Efficient Revocation for Anonymous Credentials](https://eprint.iacr.org/2008/539.pdf)
* [An Efficient System for Non-transferable Anonymous Credentials with Optional Anonymity Revocation](https://www.iacr.org/archive/eurocrypt2001/20450093.pdf)
* [SecureKey Technologies to explore interoperability between Verified.Me and Hyperledger Indy](https://securekey.com/press-releases/hyperledger-indy/)
>Our zero-knowledge proofs are part of the [Idemix protocol](http://domino.research.ibm.com/library/cyberdig.nsf/papers/EEB54FF3B91C1D648525759B004FBBB1/%24File/rz3730_revised.pdf), where they are used to prove the possession of [Camenisch-Lysyanskaya credentials](https://eprint.iacr.org/2001/019.pdf). We also use zero-knowledge proofs in the revocation protocol, which is based on [cryptographic accumulators](https://eprint.iacr.org/2008/539.pdf). —*[What Zero Knowledge Poof Algorithm is used in Sovrin?](https://forum.sovrin.org/t/what-zero-knowledge-proof-algorithm-is-used-in-sovrin/71/2)*
>Identity Mixer is not directly (re)implemented by Sovrin, but its cryptographic foundations are very similar, and Sovrin’s implementation includes most of its extended features (predicates, multi-credential, revocation, advanced issuance…). One of the researchers who helped to create Identity Mixer is on Sovrin’s Technical Governance Board and has offered insight to keep the implementations aligned on goals and methods. There is a separate effort to provide Identity Mixer features within Hyperledger Fabric, I believe–though I don’t know the details.
"This is a python implementation of the anonymous credentials ideas developed by IBM Research (see and We have built some additional features for revocation."
* [How do we start tackling the existing identity problem](https://www.ibm.com/blogs/blockchain/2018/06/how-do-we-start-tackling-the-existing-identity-problem/)
* [Swipe Right on Verifiably Credentials](https://developer.ibm.com/code/2018/05/22/swipe-right-on-verifiable-credentials/)
* [WISeKey fully deployed its CertifyID integrating Digital Identity with Blockchain technology](https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/07/11/1535718/0/en/WISeKey-fully-deployed-its-CertifyID-integrating-Digital-Identity-with-Blockchain-technology.html)
* [partners with IBM](http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/51841.wss) to enable a new digital identity and attribute sharing network based on Hyperledger Fabric blockchain.
* proposals in the Ethereum community to standardize smart contracts for certain identity-related operations such as key management, as well as signing transactions, documents, and "claims", which may be attested by third parties or self-asserted.
* [Proof-of-Individuality](http://proofofindividuality.online/) — how to prove a person only has one account
* [Anti-Sybil Protocol using virtual pseudonym parties](https://medium.com/@unlisted/anti-sybil-protocol-using-virtual-pseudonym-parties-10276fcf3b20)
* [Different Approaches to Ethereum Identity Standards](https://medium.com/uport/different-approaches-to-ethereum-identity-standards-a09488347c87)
* [Ethereum studio ConsenSys launches 'Internet-of-People' with digital IDs and assets secured on Ubuntu phones](http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/ethereum-studio-consensys-launches-internet-people-digital-ids-assets-secured-unbuntu-phones-1542620)
* "is a blockchain platform giving users a single biometric tool for login, payment and identity verification. It stores an individual's information in a "personal cloud" in "zero-knowledge blockchain storage".
* a "SmartWallet" for everyone to own their personal digital identity, using [Social Linked Data](https://github.com/solid/solid-spec), WebID, and verifiable claims standards, as well as Ethereum smart contracts.
* developing "Sovereign", a blockchain direct democracy tool using "vote" tokens to grant democratic participation rights to every human. A proof-of-individuality (POI) process based on peer-to-peer validation establishes that a self-sovereign identity is uniquely tied to a single person. The project introduces a number of interesting socio-technical concepts such as "Social Smart Contract", "Initial Rights Offering", and "Cryptographically Induced Equality". Cooperation is happening with other decentralized identity initiatives such as Blockstack and uPort.
* [Ockam](https://www.ockam.io/) — creating a ERC20 based platform that registers IOT devices to a blockchain to solve systemic security and interoperability problems.
* [Identity Validation as a Public Sector Digital Service?](https://blog.aniljohn.com/2014/07/identity-validation-as-a-public-sector-digital-service.html)
* [Federal Funding for Blockchain Security and Identity Verification Technologies](https://blog.aniljohn.com/2015/12/federal-gov-funds-for-identity-r-and-d.html)
* "an initiative by the government of British Columbia to create a trusted network of organizational data. It allows organizations to claim credentials that are part of their own digital identity, using a component called [TheOrgBook](https://github.com/bcgov/theorgbook) that lists entities with their associated public verifiable claims."
* [TU Delft helps develop digital ID for use on your phone](https://www.tudelft.nl/en/2018/tu-delft/tu-delft-helps-develop-digital-id-for-use-on-your-phone/)
* [Self-Sovereign Identity Systems for Humanitarian Interventions—A Case Study on Protective Cash Transfer Programs](https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:6cdb5450-9a81-47a9-8ffa-f9bd77c72448/datastream/OBJ1/download)
* [Deployment of a Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity - Delft](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.01926.pdf)
* [TrustChain: A Sybil-resistant scalable blockchain - Presentation](http://msn.iecs.fcu.edu.tw/report/download.php?)
* a non-profit consortium building a national blockchain ecosystem for Spain. The security and veracity of information will be ensured through the identification of natural and legal persons, while at the same time allowing citizens to have control over their personal information in a transparent way following the guidelines set by the European Union.
* [Zug ID: Exploring the First Publicly Verified Blockchain Identity](https://medium.com/uport/zug-id-exploring-the-first-publicly-verified-blockchain-identity-38bd0ee3702)
* [Identity at Coinbase: Welcoming the Distributed Systems team](https://blog.coinbase.com/identity-at-coinbase-welcoming-the-distributed-systems-team-d929dd64de2e)
* a network of computers that collectively maintain a global registry of domain names, public keys, and cryptographic hashes. With this registry, Blockstack serves as a decentralized domain name system (DNS) and a decentralized public key infrastructure (PKI).
* [Onename](https://onename.com/) — "a product built on Blockstack that allows people to register identities"
* [Internet of People](https://iop.global/) — "an open, decentralized infrastructure consisting of device-to-device communication, blockchain tokens, profile servers, and other components."
* "Identity as a Service", "Data as a Service" and "Blockchain as a Service" The company offers to increase the speed of KYC/AML processes while hughly decreasing the cost
* [The Humanized Internet](http://www.thehumanizedinternet.org/) — "to defend the rights of vulnerable people, and give every human being worldwide secure, sovereign control over their own digital identity."
* goal: to empower individuals with their personal data, thus helping them and their communities develop knowledge, make informed decisions, and interact more consciously and efficiently with each other as well as with organisations."
* [Consent](http://www.consent.global/) — "platform for trusted personal data applications and services, using Ethereum smart contracts to implement decentralized identifiers, verified credentials, consent receipts, a web of trust, and exchange of assets and value."
* offers an "identity chain" technology that makes it possible to issue and revoke verified claims using elliptic curve cryptography (curve25519, secp256k1) and includes privay-enhancing features
* [Banqu](http://www.banquapp.com/) —"focuses on establishing 'economic identity' for those who are excluded from the global economy."
* [Vida Identity](https://getvida.io) — "enables distributed key revocation and reissuance. Access to data is always permissioned across applications and services."
* Is focusing on improved smart contract capabilities such as better scalability and easier integration of off-chain data. It offers an identity architecture where every account has a unique ID number, and unique names can be registered and linked to arbitrary data such as addresses on the blockchain. Schema.org's data structures are used for representing data about persons and organizations."
* [Schema](https://schema.org) — a collaborative, community activity with a mission to create, maintain, and promote schemas for structured data on the Internet. Schema.org vocabulary can be used with many different encodings, including RDFa, Microdata and JSON-LD. These vocabularies cover entities, relationships between entities and actions, and can easily be extended through a well-documented extension model. Over 10 million sites use Schema.org to markup their web pages and email messages. Many applications from Google, Microsoft, Pinterest, Yandex and others already use these vocabularies to power rich, extensible experiences."
* "offers a platform for self-sovereign identity, including desktop and mobile apps for end-users. It uses Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) - backed by optionally Bitcoin or Ethereum - to implement a marketplace for verifiable claims. The Spidchain applications allow individuals to create, recover, and revoke DIDs, to authenticate, to sign and verify files and claims, and more."
* a naming service that allows usernames to be registered on the Reddcoin blockchain.
* [Pro-civis](https://procivis.ch) — "e-government as a service" platform called "eID+". It enables citizens to get an official, electronic Citizen-ID on a mobile app, which can be used for secure and convenient login to websites, and the electronic signing and safe storage of documents. Verification providers such as state authorities can use a web backend or an API to attest to the correctness of a citizen's personal data.
* The platform includes the [Vetri](https://vetri.global/) wallet and marketplace. 'Earn extra income and rewards by joining the data economy.'"
* a Dapp platform built for a "direct democracy" use case. It envisions using iris scans to generate decentralized universal identifiers ("HUIDs") for every human on the planet, a method referred to as "biocryptics". "HUIDs" can have "sub-IDs" to support selective disclosure. PII can be stored in an "info wallet". Key parts of the system also include smart contracts, zero-knowledge proofs, mixnets, and more."
* [BitID](https://github.com/bitid/bitid) — an authentication protocol based on Bitcoin identities, supported by some of the Bitcoin wallets. It authenticates Bitcoin addresses by signing a cryptographic challenge
* [Blockcerts](https://www.blockcerts.org) — open standard for issuing and verifying blockchain-based official records; The project offers open-source libraries, tools, and mobile apps. MIT has [started to issue](https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/10/19/mit-introduces-digital-diplomas) digital certificates based on this standard.
* [Keyp](https://keyp.io/) —"Welcome to Europe’s fastest growing open digital identity ecosystem."
* [I/O Digital Foundation](https://iodigital.io/) [whitepaper](https://simplebooklet.com/iocoinwhitepaper#page=0)
* "offers a Proof-of-Stake blockchain called Decentralised Input Output Name Server (DIONS). It will enable applications such as identity and alias registration, storage of legal documents, key exchange, and encrypted messaging."
* planning to offer a "Personal Data Locker" consisting of a wallet, browser, and token exchange. Personal assets will be put on a blockchain, and "Pillar" tokens will be issued."
* [Aversafe](https://www.aversafe.com/) —"allows individuals to store personal details, work history, certificates and achievements. It leverages a permissioned blockchain for trusted audit and participation in the storage of attestation data separate from the actual data stored"
* "network allows anyone to store structured data on a smart contract blockchain. Data can optionally be bought and sold on a marketplace using the DAT token. Datum leverages BigchainDB and IPFS as data storage backends. All data is encrypted and protected using AES256-GCM.
* [ONTology](https://ont.io/) | [github](https://github.com/ontio/ontology-DID)— "a "Distributed Trust Network" which combines a cross-chain identity system, peer-to-peer data transmission, data authorization mechanisms, distributed data storage, attestation, and various industry-specific modules. It also includes an Ontology Crypto Package (OCP) and an Ontology Marketplace (OM)."
2018 Identity Landsacpe brought to you by: [One World Identity](https://oneworldidentity.com/) — independent advisory and digital strategy consultancy focused on trust and the data economy.
* [Digital Identity: the current state of affairs](https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Digital-Identity_the-current-state-of-affairs.pdf)
* [Accenture: ID2020: DIGITAL IDENTITY with Blockchain and Biometrics](https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insight-blockchain-id2020)
* [Privacy-Preserving Authentication, Another Reason to Care about Zero-Knowledge Proofs —slideshare](https://www.slideshare.net/eralcnoslen/privacypreserving-authentication-another-reason-to-care-about-zeroknowledge-proofs)
