The Semantic Web isn't just about putting data on the web. It is about making links, so that a person or machine can explore the web of data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you can find other, related, data.
Like the web of hypertext, the web of data is constructed with documents on the web. However, unlike the web of hypertext, where links are relationships anchors in hypertext documents written in HTML, for data they links between arbitrary things described by RDF,. The URIs identify any kind of object or concept.
[On JSON-LD and the semantics of Identity](https://medium.com/transmute-techtalk/on-json-ld-and-the-semantics-of-identity-42d051d3ce14) Orie Steele
> In this post, we’ll explore how JSON-LD is used in a number of contexts including decentralized identity and verifiable credentials. We’ll also cover the basics of what you should know before using JSON-LD and how you can contribute to software and standards that rely on it.
[Publishing JSON-LD for Developers](https://datalanguage.com/news/publishing-json-ld-for-developers) - [Hacker News](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17021939)
[JSON-LD and Why I Hate the Semantic Web](http://manu.sporny.org/2014/json-ld-origins-2/) - [Hacker News](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14474222)
[w3c-ccg/ocap-ld](https://github.com/w3c-ccg/ocap-ld) - WORK ITEM: Linked Data Object Capabilities specification - w3c-ccg/ocap-ld
[w3c-ccg/ld-cryptosuite-registry](https://github.com/w3c-ccg/ld-cryptosuite-registry) - REGISTRY: Linked Data Keys Registry (managed by W3C Credentials Community Group) - w3c-ccg/ld-cryptosuite-registry
> The Semantic Web isn't just about putting data on the web. It is about making links, so that a person or machine can explore the web of data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you can find other, related, data.
>
> Like the web of hypertext, the web of data is constructed with documents on the web. However, unlike the web of hypertext, where links are relationships anchors in hypertext documents written in HTML, for data they links between arbitrary things described by RDF,. The URIs identify any kind of object or concept. But for HTML or RDF, the same expectations apply to make the web grow:
>
> - Use URIs as names for things
> - Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.
> - When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards (RDF*, SPARQL)
> - Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover more things.
[RDF.js: The new RDF and Linked Data JavaScript library](https://www.w3.org/community/rdfjs/2018/04/23/rdf-js-the-new-rdf-and-linked-data-javascript-library/)
> A diverse web requires decentralized data storage and maintenance. According to MIT’s Tim Berners-Lee, “it is about making links, so that a person or machine can explore the web of data. With Linked Data, when you have some of it, you can find other, related, data”.
>
> Zazuko’s CTO Thomas Bergwinkl adds that “Linked Data is built on top of the web stack and the programming language of the web is JavaScript. It is crucial for Web Developers to have access to well-designed JavaScript libraries to work with RDF and Linked Data”.
>
> The RDFJS W3C Community Group did a tremendous job in defining a standard to represent Linked Data in JavaScript. Several individuals and groups started to implement the RDFJS specification.
[Comparison of RDFJS libraries](https://www.w3.org/community/rdfjs/wiki/Comparison_of_RDFJS_libraries)
[Linked Data Capabilities](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot5-boston/blob/master/final-documents/lds-ocap.md) By Christopher Lemmer Webber and Mark S. Miller
> Linked Data Signatures enable a method of asserting the integrity of linked data documents that are passed throughout the web. The object capability model is a powerful system for ensuring the security of computing systems. In this paper, we explore layering an object capability model on top of Linked Data Signatures via chains of signed proclamations. fn:1 We call this system "Linked Data Capabilities", or "ld-ocap" for short.
[Identity as Linked Data on Immutable Ledgers](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot3-sf/blob/master/topics-and-advance-readings/identity-as-linked-data-on-immutable-ledgers.md)
> Content creators on the Web are getting a raw deal. They get a fraction of a cent for an ad played on YouTube, and nothing on Facebook, for filling these sites with traffic-driving content. It’s hard to make a living when you’re a creative. Licensing is hard; the user experience is bad, so lawyers and middlemen extract the most value. In the music industry, more money flows into the pockets of distributors than creatives. Consumers are often happy to pay for their content. Instead, they're forced to sit through ads.
[Blockchain Extensions for Linked Data Signatures](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot3-sf/blob/master/topics-and-advance-readings/blockchain-extensions-for-linked-data-signatures.md) by Manu Sporny, Harlan Wood, Noah Thorp, Wayne Vaughn, Christopher Allen, Jason Bukowski, and Dave Longley
> The term Linked Data is used to describe a recommended best practice for exposing, sharing, and connecting information on the Web using standards, such as URLs, to identify things and their properties. When information is presented as Linked Data, other related information can be easily discovered and new information can be easily linked to it. Linked Data is extensible in a decentralized way, greatly reducing barriers to large scale integration.
>
> With the increase in usage of Linked Data for a variety of applications, there is a need to be able to verify the authenticity and integrity of Linked Data documents. The Linked Data Signatures specification added authentication and integrity protection to linked data documents through the use of public/private key cryptography without sacrificing Linked Data features such as extensibility and composability.
[Resource Integrity Proofs](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot7-toronto/blob/master/final-documents/resource-integrity-proofs.md) by Ganesh Annan and Kim Hamilton Duffy
> Cryptographic linking provides discoverability, integrity, and scheme agility
> Contributors: Manu Sporny, Dave Longley, David Lehn, and Bohdan Andriyiv
>
> Currently, the Web provides a simple yet powerful mechanism for the dissemination of information via links. Unfortunately, there is no generalized mechanism that enables verifying that a fetched resource has been delivered without unexpected manipulation. Would it be possible to create an extensible and multipurpose cryptographic link that provides discoverability, integrity, and scheme agility?
>
> Cryptographic linking solutions today have yet to provide a generalized mechanism for creating tamper-evident links. The Subresource Integrity standard limits this guarantee to script and link resources loaded on Web pages via the use of HTML attributes. IPFS provides a verification mechanism that is constrained to hash-based, content-addressable links, with no ability to complete content negotiation. RFC6920 proposes another mechanism that cannot be applied to existing links: it recommends the use of named information hashes and a resolution method that creates a content addressable URL [1]. Resource Integrity Proofs incorporates ideas from these standards and solutions to provide a new data format for cryptographic links that is fit for the open world.
[Recent happenings with Linked Data Capabilities](https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot6-santabarbara/blob/master/topics-and-advance-readings/ld-ocap-recent-happenings.md)
> Veres One's architecture has been adjusted to take full advantage of Linked Data Capabilities as its primary mechanism for granting authority to perform operations on the ledger as well as on DID Documents. permission to update key materials can be conditionally handed out to an entity (or entities) and later revoked if deemed appropriate using Linked Data Capabilities' design.
>
> As for ledger updates, Accelerators also make use of Linked Data Capabilities. To prevent spamming the ledger, the costs of an update must somehow be accounted for. The traditional way to do this on a blockchain is to use proof of work, and this is also an option in Veres One, but for those use cases where expending time and energy on proof of work is less desirable users can use an "accelerator".
>
> An accelerator is an entity that has been granted a capability to perform updates on the ledger more quickly. Accelerators may likewise take advantage of Linked Data Capabilities' support for delegation, with or without caveats.
[Designing a Linked Data developer experience](https://ruben.verborgh.org/blog/2018/12/28/designing-a-linked-data-developer-experience/)
> Making decentralized Web app development fun
>
> While the Semantic Web community was fighting its own internal battles, we failed to gain traction with the people who build apps that are actually used: front-end developers. Ironically, Semantic Web enthusiasts have failed to...
[What Is JSON-LD Markup and Why Is It Better than Schema.org?](https://sitechecker.pro/json-ld-markup/)
> If you understand how to use schema.org, but do not dare to mark pages up because of the complexity of the process, this article is for you. There is an effective and easy-to-use alternative - the JSON-LD format.
[Libre Lounge: Episode 17: ActivityPub Part 2 on Apple Podcasts](https://librelounge.org/episodes/episode-17-activitypub-part-2.html) - [Part 1](https://librelounge.org/episodes/episode-12-activitypub-part-1.html) - [Part 3](https://librelounge.org/episodes/episode-20-activitypub-part-3.html)
> In our ongoing series about ActivityPub, Chris and Serge explore the world of JSON-LD and the ActivityStreams vocabulary.
## [JSON-LD Articles and Presentations](json-ld.org/learn.html) ([source](https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org))
### Introductory Material
- [What is Linked Data?](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4x_xzT5eF5Q) Short video introduction to Linked Data by Manu Sporny.
- [What is JSON-LD?](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vioCbTo3C-4) Short video introduction to JSON-LD by Manu Sporny.
- [JSON-LD: Core Markup](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmvWk_TQ30A) An overview of some of the core markup features of JSON-LD including types, aliasing, nesting, and internationalization support by Manu Sporny.
- [JSON-LD: Compaction and Expansion](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tm3fD89dqRE) An overview of JSON-LD's compaction and expansion features and how you can use them to merge data from multiple sources by Manu Sporny.
- [Linked Data Signatures](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdUZaYeQblY) An overview of how digital signatures can be added to Linked Data to provide verifiable statements on the Web by Manu Sporny.
- [Credentials on the Web](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWtOg3vSzxI) A quick introduction to verifiable credentials on the Web by Manu Sporny.
- [Creating 3rd Generation Web APIs with JSON-LD and Hydra](http://m.lanthi.com/www2013-paper), Markus Lanthaler. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2013), pp. 35-37. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ACM Press.
- [Model Your Application Domain, Not Your JSON Structures](http://m.lanthi.com/wsrest2013-paper), Markus Lanthaler and Christian Gütl. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on RESTful Design (WS-REST 2013) at WWW2013, pp. 1415-1420. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ACM Press.
- [Hydra: A Vocabulary for Hypermedia-Driven Web APIs](http://m.lanthi.com/ldow2013-paper), Markus Lanthaler and Christian Gütl. Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Linked Data on the Web (LDOW2013) at WWW2012. Rio de Janeiro.
- [On Using JSON-LD to Create Evolvable RESTful Services](http://m.lanthi.com/jsonld4rest-paper), Markus Lanthaler and Christian Gütl. Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on RESTful Design (WS-REST 2012) at WWW2012, pp. 25-32. Lyon, France: ACM Press.
### Presentations
- [JSON-LD: JSON for the Social Web](http://www.slideshare.net/gkellogg1/jsonld-json-for-the-social-web) by Gregg Kellogg, W3C Social Standards Workshop 2013, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- [Building Next-Generation Web APIs with JSON-LD and Hydra](http://slidesha.re/sl-portland2013) by Markus Lanthaler, Symfony Live Portland 2013, OR, USA.
- [Model Your Application Domain, Not Your JSON Structures](http://slidesha.re/wsrest2013-preso) by Markus Lanthaler, World Wide Web Conference (WWW2013), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- [Hydra: A Vocabulary for Hypermedia-Driven Web APIs](http://slidesha.re/ldow2013-preso) by Markus Lanthaler, World Wide Web Conference (WWW2013), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- [JSON-LD: JSON for Linked Data](http://www.slideshare.net/gkellogg1/json-for-linked-data) by Gregg Kellogg, Semantic Technology & Business Conference (SemTechBiz SF 2012), San Francisco, CA, USA.
- [JSON-LD for RESTful Services](http://slidesha.re/jsonld4rest) by Markus Lanthaler, World Wide Web Conference (WWW2012), Lyon, France.
- [JSON-LD and MongoDB](http://www.slideshare.net/gkellogg1/jsonld-and-mongodb) by Gregg Kellogg, NoSQL Now! 2012, San Jose, CA, USA.
- [JSON-LD Update – DC-2017](http://www.greggkellogg.net/presentations/JSON-LD-Update-DC-2017/) by Gregg Kellogg, DC 2017, October 2017, Washington DC.
- [JSON-LD Update – W3C TPAC 2017](https://json-ld.org/presentations/JSON-LD-Update-TPAC-2017/) by Gregg Kellogg, October 2017, Washington DC.
- [JSON-LD Support for Property Graphs – W3C Data Workshop](https://json-ld.org/presentations/JSON-LD-Support-for-Property-Graphs/) by Gregg Kellogg, May 2019, Berlin.
- [JSON-LD Update – W3C TPAC 2019](https://json-ld.org/presentations/JSON-LD-Update-TPAC-2019/) by Gregg Kellogg, September 2019, Fukuoka, Japan.
### Blog Posts
- [JSON-LD: Building Meaningful Data APIs](http://blog.codeship.com/json-ld-building-meaningful-data-apis/), [Benjamin Young](http://bigbluehat.com/).
- [Webizing your database with Linked Data in JSON-LD on Cloudant](https://cloudant.com/blog/webizing-your-database-with-linked-data-in-json-ld/), [Benjamin Young](http://bigbluehat.com/).
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