# Cloud Security Resources

* [Cloud Security Resources from AWS](https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-resources)
* [Penetration Testing Rules of Engagement in Microsoft Azure](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/msrc/pentest-rules-of-engagement)
* [Penetration Testing in AWS](https://aws.amazon.com/security/penetration-testing)
* [Penetration Testing in Google Cloud Platform and Cloud Security FAQ](https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/6262505)
* [Google Cloud Security Center](https://cloud.google.com/security)
* [High-level Best Practices when Performing Pen Testing in Cloud Environments](high_level_best_practices_pen_testing.md)

## Additional AWS Pen Testing References
- [PENETRATION TESTING AWS STORAGE: KICKING THE S3 BUCKET](https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/penetration-testing/penetration-testing-aws-storage/) - Written by Dwight Hohnstein from [Rhino Security Labs](https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/).
- [AWS PENETRATION TESTING PART 1. S3 BUCKETS](https://www.virtuesecurity.com/blog/aws-penetration-testing-s3-buckets/) - Written by [@VirtueSecurity](https://twitter.com/VirtueSecurity).
- [AWS PENETRATION TESTING PART 2. S3, IAM, EC2](https://www.virtuesecurity.com/blog/aws-penetration-testing-part-2-s3-iam-ec2/) - Written by [@VirtueSecurity](https://twitter.com/VirtueSecurity).

## Vulnerables
- [CloudGoat](https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/cloudgoat)
- [Damn Vulnerable Cloud Application(DVCA)](https://github.com/m6a-UdS/dvca)

## Additional Tools
- [Taken - Takeover AWS Ips And Have A Working POC For Subdomain Takeover](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/bOdrVajU9Ns/taken-takeover-aws-ips-and-have-working.html)
- [Autovpn - Create On Demand Disposable OpenVPN Endpoints On AWS](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/lxGVU3oWwCE/autovpn-create-on-demand-disposable.html)
- [SpaceSiren - A Honey Token Manager And Alert System For AWS](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/SIBlEXl2Mhc/spacesiren-honey-token-manager-and.html)
- [AWS Recon - Multi-threaded AWS Inventory Collection Tool With A Focus On Security-Relevant Resources And Metadata](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/mCRMljaSu2w/aws-recon-multi-threaded-aws-inventory.html)
- [DAGOBAH - Open Source Tool To Generate Internal Threat Intelligence, Inventory & Compliance Data From AWS Resources](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/heCluXrDIA0/dagobah-open-source-tool-to-generate.html)
- [AWS Report - A Tool For Analyzing Amazon Resources](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/pKUBrpmSvbE/aws-report-tool-for-analyzing-amazon.html)
- [SkyArk - Helps To Discover, Assess And Secure The Most Privileged Entities In Azure And AWS](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/fA1njXZatyo/skyark-helps-to-discover-assess-and.html)
- [Cloudsplaining - An AWS IAM Security Assessment Tool That Identifies Violations Of Least Privilege And Generates A Risk-Prioritized Report](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/-7enjmYyTw8/cloudsplaining-aws-iam-security.html)
- [SkyWrapper - Tool That Helps To Discover Suspicious Creation Forms And Uses Of Temporary Tokens In AWS](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/w0otGurmXTY/skywrapper-tool-that-helps-to-discover.html)
- [Sandcastle - A Python Script For AWS S3 Bucket Enumeration](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/e2xzlmFDtaE/sandcastle-python-script-for-aws-s3.html)
- [Awspx - A Graph-Based Tool For Visualizing Effective Access And Resource Relationships In AWS Environments](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/S_VHOWSjPYM/awspx-graph-based-tool-for-visualizing.html)
- [AWSGen.py - Generates Permutations, Alterations And Mutations Of AWS S3 Buckets Names](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/SagQLMEKNHs/awsgenpy-generates-permutations.html)
- [AlertResponder - Automatic Security Alert Response Framework By AWS Serverless Application Model](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/Wz_C66kvWFE/alertresponder-automatic-security-alert.html)
- [Aaia - AWS Identity And Access Management Visualizer And Anomaly Finder](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/2yvKL6xqlqM/aaia-aws-identity-and-access-management.html)
- [FireProx - AWS API Gateway Management Tool For Creating On The Fly HTTP Pass-Through Proxies For Unique IP Rotation](http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PentestTools/~3/TkQaYYrkjO8/fireprox-aws-api-gateway-management.html)

## Azure
### Enumeration Tools
#### Email and Username Enumeration
- [o365creeper](https://github.com/LMGsec/o365creeper) - Enumerate valid email addresses
- [Office 365 User Enumeration](https://github.com/gremwell/o365enum) - Enumerate valid usernames from Office 365

#### Cloud Infrastructure Enumeration
- [CloudBrute](https://github.com/0xsha/CloudBrute) - Find a cloud infrastructure of a company
- [cloud_enum](https://github.com/initstring/cloud_enum) - Multi-cloud OSINT tool
- [Azucar](https://github.com/nccgroup/azucar) - Security auditing tool for Azure environments

#### Azure Specific Enumeration
- [BlobHunter](https://github.com/cyberark/blobhunter) - Scanning Azure blob storage accounts
- [Grayhat Warfare](https://buckets.grayhatwarfare.com/) - Open Azure blobs search
- [Azure-AccessPermissions](https://github.com/csandker/Azure-AccessPermissions) - Enumerate access permissions in Azure AD

### Information Gathering Tools
#### Azure Information Gathering
- [o365recon](https://github.com/nyxgeek/o365recon) - Information gathering with valid credentials to Azure
- [Azurite](https://github.com/FSecureLABS/Azurite) - Enumeration and reconnaissance in Microsoft Azure Cloud
- [Sparrow.ps1](https://github.com/cisagov/Sparrow) - Detect possible compromised accounts in Azure/M365
- [Microsoft Azure AD Assessment](https://github.com/AzureAD/AzureADAssessment) - Assessing Azure AD tenant state

#### Multi-Cloud Security Auditing
- [ScoutSuite](https://github.com/nccgroup/ScoutSuite) - Multi-cloud security auditing tool
- [Prowler](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler) - AWS and Azure security assessments

### Lateral Movement Tools
- [Stormspotter](https://github.com/Azure/Stormspotter) - Azure Red Team tool
- [AzureADLateralMovement](https://github.com/talmaor/AzureADLateralMovement) - Lateral Movement graph for Azure AD
- [SkyArk](https://github.com/cyberark/SkyArk) - Privileged entities in Azure and AWS

### Exploitation Tools
#### Azure Exploitation
- [MicroBurst](https://github.com/NetSPI/MicroBurst) - Scripts for assessing Microsoft Azure security
- [Microsoft-Teams-GIFShell](https://github.com/bobbyrsec/Microsoft-Teams-GIFShell) - Microsoft Teams reverse shell execution

#### Credential Attacks
- [MSOLSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/MSOLSpray) - Password spraying tool for Microsoft Online accounts
- [MFASweep](https://github.com/dafthack/MFASweep) - Check if MFA is enabled on multiple Microsoft Services Resources
- [adconnectdump](https://github.com/fox-it/adconnectdump) - Dump Azure AD Connect credentials

## Resources
### Articles
- [Abusing Azure AD SSO with the Primary Refresh Token ](https://dirkjanm.io/abusing-azure-ad-sso-with-the-primary-refresh-token/)
- [Abusing dynamic groups in Azure AD for Privilege Escalation](https://www.mnemonic.no/blog/abusing-dynamic-groups-in-azure/)
- [Attacking Azure, Azure AD, and Introducing PowerZure](https://hausec.com/2020/01/31/attacking-azure-azure-ad-and-introducing-powerzure/)
- [Attacking Azure & Azure AD, Part II](https://posts.specterops.io/attacking-azure-azure-ad-part-ii-5f336f36697d)
- [Azure AD Connect for Red Teamers](https://blog.xpnsec.com/azuread-connect-for-redteam/)
- [Azure AD Introduction for Red Teamers](https://www.synacktiv.com/posts/pentest/azure-ad-introduction-for-red-teamers.html)
- [Azure AD Pass The Certificate](https://medium.com/@mor2464/azure-ad-pass-the-certificate-d0c5de624597)
- [Azure AD privilege escalation - Taking over default application permissions as Application Admin](https://dirkjanm.io/azure-ad-privilege-escalation-application-admin/)
- [Defense and Detection for Attacks Within Azure](https://posts.specterops.io/detecting-attacks-within-azure-bdc40f8c0766)
- [Hunting Azure Admins for Vertical Escalation](https://www.lares.com/blog/hunting-azure-admins-for-vertical-escalation/)
- [Impersonating Office 365 Users With Mimikatz](https://www.dsinternals.com/en/impersonating-office-365-users-mimikatz/)
- [Lateral Movement from Azure to On-Prem AD](https://posts.specterops.io/death-from-above-lateral-movement-from-azure-to-on-prem-ad-d18cb3959d4d)
- [Malicious Azure AD Application Registrations](https://www.lares.com/blog/malicious-azure-ad-application-registrations/)
- [Moving laterally between Azure AD joined machines](https://medium.com/@talthemaor/moving-laterally-between-azure-ad-joined-machines-ed1f8871da56)
- [CrowdStrike Launches Free Tool to Identify and Help Mitigate Risks in Azure Active Directory](https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/crowdstrike-launches-free-tool-to-identify-and-help-mitigate-risks-in-azure-active-directory/)
- [Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Azure Functions](https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/royal-flush-privilege-escalation-vulnerability-in-azure-functions/)
- [Azure Application Proxy C2](https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/azure-application-proxy-c2/)
- [Recovering Plaintext Passwords from Azure Virtual Machines like It’s the 1990s](https://www.guardicore.com/labs/recovering-plaintext-passwords-azure/)
- [Forensicating Azure VMs](https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/Forensicating+Azure+VMs/27136/)
- [Network Forensics on Azure VMs](https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/Network+Forensics+on+Azure+VMs+Part+1/27536/)
- [Cross-Account Container Takeover in Azure Container Instances](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/azure-container-instances/)
- [Azure Active Directory password brute-forcing flaw](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2021/09/new-azure-active-directory-password-brute-forcing-flaw-has-no-fix/)
- [How to Detect Azure Active Directory Backdoors: Identity Federation](https://www.inversecos.com/2021/11/how-to-detect-azure-active-directory.html)
- [Azure App Service vulnerability exposed hundreds of source code repositories](https://blog.wiz.io/azure-app-service-source-code-leak/)
- [AutoWarp: Cross-Account Vulnerability in Microsoft Azure Automation Service](https://orca.security/resources/blog/autowarp-microsoft-azure-automation-service-vulnerability/)
- [Microsoft Azure Synapse Pwnalytics](https://medium.com/tenable-techblog/microsoft-azure-synapse-pwnalytics-87c99c036291)
- [Microsoft Azure Site Recovery DLL Hijacking](https://medium.com/tenable-techblog/microsoft-azure-site-recovery-dll-hijacking-cd8cc34ef80c)
- [FabriXss (CVE-2022-35829): Abusing a Custom Role User Using CSTI and Stored XSS in Azure Fabric Explorer](https://orca.security/resources/blog/fabrixss-vulnerability-azure-fabric-explorer/)
- [Untangling Azure Active Directory Principals & Access Permissions](https://csandker.io/2022/10/19/Untangling-Azure-Permissions.html)
- [How to Detect OAuth Access Token Theft in Azure](https://www.inversecos.com/2022/08/how-to-detect-oauth-access-token-theft.html)
- [How to deal with Ransomware on Azure](https://sysdig.com/blog/ransomware-azure-mitigations/)
- [How Orca found Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerabilities in four different Azure Services](https://orca.security/resources/blog/ssrf-vulnerabilities-in-four-azure-services/)
- [EmojiDeploy: Smile! Your Azure web service just got RCE’d](https://ermetic.com/blog/azure/emojideploy-smile-your-azure-web-service-just-got-rced)
- [Bounce the Ticket and Silver Iodide on Azure AD Kerberos](https://www.silverfort.com/resources/white-paper/bounce-the-ticket-and-silver-iodide-on-azure-ad-kerberos/)

#### Lists and Cheat Sheets
- [List of all Microsoft Portals](https://msportals.io/)
- [Azure Articles from NetSPI](https://blog.netspi.com/?s=azure)
- [Azure Cheat Sheet on CloudSecDocs](https://cloudsecdocs.com/azure/services/overview/)
- [Resources about Azure from Cloudberry Engineering](https://cloudberry.engineering/tags/azure/)
- [Resources from PayloadsAllTheThings](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Cloud%20-%20Azure%20Pentest.md)
- [Encyclopedia on Hacking the Cloud](https://hackingthe.cloud/)
- [Azure AD - Attack and Defense Playbook](https://github.com/Cloud-Architekt/AzureAD-Attack-Defense)
- [Azure Security Resources and Notes](https://github.com/rootsecdev/Azure-Red-Team)
- [Azure Threat Research Matrix](https://microsoft.github.io/Azure-Threat-Research-Matrix/)

### Lab Exercises
- [azure-security-lab](https://github.com/azurecitadel/azure-security-lab) - Securing Azure Infrastructure - Hands on Lab Guide
- [AzureSecurityLabs](https://github.com/davisanc/AzureSecurityLabs) - Hands-on Security Labs focused on Azure IaaS Security
- [Building Free Active Directory Lab in Azure](https://medium.com/@kamran.bilgrami/ethical-hacking-lessons-building-free-active-directory-lab-in-azure-6c67a7eddd7f)
- [Aria Cloud Penetration Testing Tools Container](https://github.com/iknowjason/AriaCloud) - A Docker container for remote penetration testing
- [PurpleCloud](https://github.com/iknowjason/PurpleCloud) - Multi-use Hybrid + Identity Cyber Range implementing a small Active Directory Domain in Azure alongside Azure AD and Azure Domain Services
- [BlueCloud](https://github.com/iknowjason/BlueCloud) - Cyber Range system with a Windows VM for security testing with Azure and AWS Terraform support
- [Azure Red Team Attack and Detect Workshop](https://github.com/mandiant/Azure_Workshop)
- [SANS Workshop – Building an Azure Pentest Lab for Red Teams](https://www.sans.org/webcasts/sans-workshop-building-azure-pentest-lab-red-teams/) - The link in the description contains a password-protected OVA file that can be used until 2nd March 2024

### Talks and Videos
- [Attacking and Defending the Microsoft Cloud (Office 365 & Azure AD](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SG2ibjuzRJM)
  - [Presentation Slides](https://i.blackhat.com/USA-19/Wednesday/us-19-Metcalf-Attacking-And-Defending-The-Microsoft-Cloud.pdf)
- [TR19: I'm in your cloud, reading everyone's emails - hacking Azure AD via Active Directory](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEIR5oGCwdg)
  - [Presentation Slides](https://troopers.de/downloads/troopers19/TROOPERS19_AD_Im_in_your_cloud.pdf)
- [Dirk Jan Mollema - Im In Your Cloud Pwning Your Azure Environment - DEF CON 27 Conference](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xei8lAPitX8)
  - [Presentation Slides](https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2027/DEF%20CON%2027%20presentations/DEFCON-27-Dirk-jan-Mollema-Im-in-your-cloud-pwning-your-azure-environment.pdf)
- [Adventures in Azure Privilege Escalation Karl Fosaaen](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYtw-XPml0w)
  - [Presentation Slides](https://notpayloads.blob.core.windows.net/slides/Azure-PrivEsc-DerbyCon9.pdf)
- [Introducing ROADtools - Azure AD exploration for Red Teams and Blue Teams](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5QDt30Pw_o)