From 48c945f84737da014bac314e1365be2a90dfe18e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Omar Santos Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2023 16:08:44 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Create wireless_iot.md --- iot_hacking/wireless_iot.md | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+) create mode 100644 iot_hacking/wireless_iot.md diff --git a/iot_hacking/wireless_iot.md b/iot_hacking/wireless_iot.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a7466c --- /dev/null +++ b/iot_hacking/wireless_iot.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Wireless IoT Protocols and Implementations + +| Protocol | Frequency | Range | Data Rate | Security Features | Common Use Cases | +|---------------------|----------------|-----------------|------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------| +| Zigbee | 2.4 GHz | 10-100 meters | 250 kbps | AES-128 encryption, application layer security | Home automation, smart energy | +| Z-Wave | 800-900 MHz | 30-100 meters | 9.6-100 kbps | AES-128 encryption, application layer security | Home automation, healthcare | +| Wi-Fi | 2.4 & 5 GHz | 50+ meters | Up to 6000 Mbps | WPA3, WPA2, WEP, AES encryption, Enterprise security options | High bandwidth applications, home networks | +| Bluetooth (incl. BLE) | 2.4 GHz | 1-100 meters | 1-3 Mbps (BLE) | AES-128 encryption, application layer security, ECDH for key exchange | Wearables, healthcare, smart homes | +| LoRaWAN | Various (sub-GHz) | 2-5 km (urban), 15+ km (rural) | 0.3-50 kbps | AES-128 encryption, end-to-end encryption | Smart cities, agricultural sensors | +| Sigfox | Sub-GHz | 30-50 km | 100-600 bps | AES-128 encryption | Low-power applications, asset tracking | +| NB-IoT | Sub-GHz | 1-10 km | 250 kbps | E2E encryption, SIM-based security, secure boot | Smart meters, smart city infrastructure | +| LTE-M (LTE Cat-M1) | Sub-GHz | 1-10 km | 1 Mbps | E2E encryption, SIM-based security, secure boot | Wearables, vehicle tracking | +| Thread | 2.4 GHz | 10-30 meters | 250 kbps | AES encryption, secure mesh networking, device authentication | Connected home, security systems | +| MQTT | - | Depends on network | Depends on network | TLS/SSL support, username/password, ACLs for permissions | Remote sensors, home automation, messaging | +| CoAP | - | Depends on network | Depends on network | DTLS for security, supports TLS for TCP | Smart homes, energy management | + +**Frequency**: The radio frequency at which the protocol operates. +**Range**: The typical communication range between devices. +**Data Rate**: The maximum achievable data transmission speed. +**Security Features**: +- **AES-128 encryption**: A symmetric key encryption standard that provides good security. +- **WPA3/WPA2**: Security protocols for Wi-Fi networks, with WPA3 being the latest and most secure. +- **ECDH**: Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman, a secure key exchange protocol. +- **SIM-based security**: Utilizes the SIM card for secure key storage and authentication. +- **Secure boot**: Ensures the device boots using only software that is trusted by the device manufacturer. +- **TLS/SSL**: Protocols for securing data communications over networks. +- **DTLS**: Datagram Transport Layer Security, a derivative of TLS designed for datagram protocols. +- **ACLs**: Access Control Lists, which specify which users or system processes are granted access to objects. +