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@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ https://github.com/f0rb1dd3n/Reptile
## Environment ## Environment
- x86, x86_64
- Linux kernel 2.6.x/3.x/4.x - Linux kernel 2.6.x/3.x/4.x
- x86 (`sys_call_table` search method is x86-only)
## Persistency ## Persistency
@ -16,46 +16,71 @@ Boot-time module loading using OS-specific startup files:
- /etc/modules (debian/ubuntu) - /etc/modules (debian/ubuntu)
- /etc/rc.modules (redhat/centos/fedora) - /etc/rc.modules (redhat/centos/fedora)
https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/setup.sh#L296
## Detection evasion ## Detection evasion
Rootkit is trying to evade from detection by: Rootkit is trying to evade from detection by:
- hiding files by name - hiding files by name
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L575
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L619
- tampering contents of startup files while reading - tampering contents of startup files while reading
- hiding kernel module by unlinking from `module_list` - https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L638
- hiding kernel module by unlinking from `modules`-list
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L145
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L157
## Management interface ## Management interface
Implemented via `kill(2)` by hooking `sys_call_table[__NR_kill]` entry. Supported commands are: Implemented via `kill(2)` by hooking `sys_call_table[__NR_kill]` entry:
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L509
Supported commands are:
- hiding/unhiding processes - hiding/unhiding processes
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L518
- hiding/unhiding rootkit's module - hiding/unhiding rootkit's module
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L514
- enabling/disabling of tampering file content function - enabling/disabling of tampering file content function
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L524
- gaining root priveleges to calling process - gaining root priveleges to calling process
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L528
## Altering system behaviour ## Altering system behaviour
Hooking of system calls by patching syscall-handlers in `sys_call_table[]`: Hooking of system calls by patching syscall-handlers in `sys_call_table[]`:
- to write to read-only page `CR0/WP` technique used (x86-only) - to write to read-only page `CR0/WP` technique used (x86-only)
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L681
- netfilter hook (`NF_IP_PRI_FIRST`) - netfilter hook (`NF_IP_PRI_FIRST`)
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L356
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L687
## Hiding (tampering) of file contents ## Hiding (tampering) of file contents
Filtering of file content while reading: Filtering of file content while reading:
- hook `sys_call_table[__NR_read]` - hook `sys_call_table[__NR_read]`
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L638
## Hiding of files and directories ## Hiding of files and directories
Filtering of directory entries: Filtering of directory entries:
- hook `sys_call_table[__NR_getdents]` - hook `sys_call_table[__NR_getdents]`
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L594
- hook `sys_call_table[__NR_getdents64]` - hook `sys_call_table[__NR_getdents64]`
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L550
## Hiding of processes and process trees ## Hiding of processes and process trees
Filtering PID-like numeric entries while listing `/proc`: Filtering PID-like numeric entries while listing `/proc`:
- getdents/getdents64 hook used - getdents/getdents64 hook used
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L619
- hidden tasks are marked using `task->flags` (bit `0x10000000`) - hidden tasks are marked using `task->flags` (bit `0x10000000`)
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L189
## Backdoor/shell ## Backdoor/shell
Reverse shell spawning by port-knocking-like technique: Reverse shell spawning by port-knocking-like technique:
- magic packet with token used (`ICMP/UDP/TCP`) - magic packet with token used (`ICMP/UDP/TCP`)
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L356
- spawning root-shell connection to remote host - spawning root-shell connection to remote host
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L328
- https://github.com/linux-rootkits/Reptile/blob/master/rep_mod.c#L210