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> A curated list of awesome resources about embedded and IoT security. The list contains software and hardware tools, books, research papers and more. > A curated list of awesome resources about embedded and IoT security. The list contains software and hardware tools, books, research papers and more.
Botnets like [Mirai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirai_(malware)) have proven that there is a need for more security in embedded and IoT devices. This list shall help beginners and experts to find helpful resources on the topic. Botnets like [Mirai](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirai_(malware)>) have proven that there is a need for more security in embedded and IoT devices. This list shall help beginners and experts to find helpful resources on the topic.
If you are a beginner, you should have a look at the [Books](#books) and [Case Studies](#case-studies) sections. If you are a beginner, you should have a look at the [Books](#books) and [Case Studies](#case-studies) sections.
If you want to start right away with your own analysis, you should give the [Analysis Frameworks](#analysis-frameworks) a try. If you want to start right away with your own analysis, you should give the [Analysis Frameworks](#analysis-frameworks) a try.
They are easy to use and you do not need to be an expert to get first meaningful results. They are easy to use and you do not need to be an expert to get first meaningful results.
> *Items marked with :euro: are comercial products.* > _Items marked with :euro: are comercial products._
## Contents ## Contents
@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ They are easy to use and you do not need to be an expert to get first meaningful
- [Tutorials and Technical Background](#tutorials-and-technical-background) - [Tutorials and Technical Background](#tutorials-and-technical-background)
- [Conferences](#conferences) - [Conferences](#conferences)
## Software Tools ## Software Tools
Software tools for analyzing embedded/IoT devices and firmware. Software tools for analyzing embedded/IoT devices and firmware.
### Analysis Frameworks ### Analysis Frameworks
@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ Software tools for analyzing embedded/IoT devices and firmware.
- [Improving your firmware security analysis process with FACT](https://passthesalt.ubicast.tv/videos/improving-your-firmware-security-analysis-process-with-fact/) - Conference talk about FACT :tv:. - [Improving your firmware security analysis process with FACT](https://passthesalt.ubicast.tv/videos/improving-your-firmware-security-analysis-process-with-fact/) - Conference talk about FACT :tv:.
- [FwAnalyzer](https://github.com/cruise-automation/fwanalyzer) - Analyze security of firmware based on customized rules. Intended as additional step in DevSecOps, similar to CI. - [FwAnalyzer](https://github.com/cruise-automation/fwanalyzer) - Analyze security of firmware based on customized rules. Intended as additional step in DevSecOps, similar to CI.
- [HAL – The Hardware Analyzer](https://github.com/emsec/hal) - A comprehensive reverse engineering and manipulation framework for gate-level netlists. - [HAL – The Hardware Analyzer](https://github.com/emsec/hal) - A comprehensive reverse engineering and manipulation framework for gate-level netlists.
- [HomePWN](https://github.com/ElevenPaths/HomePWN) - Swiss Army Knife for Pentesting of IoT Devices.
- [IoTSecFuzz](https://gitlab.com/invuls/iot-projects/iotsecfuzz) - Framework for automatisation of IoT layers security analysis: hardware, software and communication. - [IoTSecFuzz](https://gitlab.com/invuls/iot-projects/iotsecfuzz) - Framework for automatisation of IoT layers security analysis: hardware, software and communication.
- [Killerbee](https://github.com/riverloopsec/killerbee) - Framework for Testing & Auditing ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Networks. - [Killerbee](https://github.com/riverloopsec/killerbee) - Framework for Testing & Auditing ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Networks.
- [PRET](https://github.com/RUB-NDS/PRET) - Printer Exploitation Toolkit. - [PRET](https://github.com/RUB-NDS/PRET) - Printer Exploitation Toolkit.
@ -76,6 +77,9 @@ Software tools for analyzing embedded/IoT devices and firmware.
### Misc Tools ### Misc Tools
- [Cotopaxi](https://github.com/Samsung/cotopaxi) - Set of tools for security testing of Internet of Things devices using specific network IoT protocols.
- [dumpflash](https://github.com/ohjeongwook/dumpflash) - Low-level NAND Flash dump and parsing utility.
- [flashrom](https://github.com/flashrom/flashrom) - Tool for detecting, reading, writing, verifying and erasing flash chips.
- [Samsung Firmware Magic](https://github.com/chrivers/samsung-firmware-magic) - Decrypt Samsung SSD firmware updates. - [Samsung Firmware Magic](https://github.com/chrivers/samsung-firmware-magic) - Decrypt Samsung SSD firmware updates.
## Hardware Tools ## Hardware Tools
@ -86,12 +90,13 @@ Software tools for analyzing embedded/IoT devices and firmware.
- [JTAGULATOR](http://www.grandideastudio.com/jtagulator/) - Detects JTAG Pinouts fast. - [JTAGULATOR](http://www.grandideastudio.com/jtagulator/) - Detects JTAG Pinouts fast.
- [Saleae](https://www.saleae.com/) - Easy to use Logic Analyzer that support many protocols :euro:. - [Saleae](https://www.saleae.com/) - Easy to use Logic Analyzer that support many protocols :euro:.
- [Ikalogic](https://www.ikalogic.com/pages/logic-analyzer-sp-series-sp209) - Alternative to Saleae logic analyzers :euro:. - [Ikalogic](https://www.ikalogic.com/pages/logic-analyzer-sp-series-sp209) - Alternative to Saleae logic analyzers :euro:.
- [HydraBus](https://hydrabus.com/hydrabus-1-0-specifications/) - Open source multi-tool hardware similar to the BusPirate but with NFC capabilities. - [HydraBus](https://hydrabus.com/hydrabus-1-0-specifications/) - Open source multi-tool hardware similar to the BusPirate but with NFC capabilities.
- [ChipWhisperer](https://newae.com/chipwhisperer/) - Detects Glitch/Side-channel attacks. - [ChipWhisperer](https://newae.com/chipwhisperer/) - Detects Glitch/Side-channel attacks.
- [Glasgow](https://github.com/GlasgowEmbedded/Glasgow) - Tool for exploring and debugging different digital interfaces. - [Glasgow](https://github.com/GlasgowEmbedded/Glasgow) - Tool for exploring and debugging different digital interfaces.
- [J-Link](https://www.segger.com/products/debug-probes/j-link/models/model-overview/) - J-Link offers USB powered JTAG debug probes for multiple different CPU cores :euro:. - [J-Link](https://www.segger.com/products/debug-probes/j-link/models/model-overview/) - J-Link offers USB powered JTAG debug probes for multiple different CPU cores :euro:.
### Bluetooth BLE Tools ### Bluetooth BLE Tools
- [UberTooth One](https://greatscottgadgets.com/ubertoothone/) - Open source 2.4 GHz wireless development platform suitable for Bluetooth experimentation. - [UberTooth One](https://greatscottgadgets.com/ubertoothone/) - Open source 2.4 GHz wireless development platform suitable for Bluetooth experimentation.
- [Bluefruit LE Sniffer](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2269) - Easy to use Bluetooth Low Energy sniffer. - [Bluefruit LE Sniffer](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2269) - Easy to use Bluetooth Low Energy sniffer.
@ -102,6 +107,7 @@ Software tools for analyzing embedded/IoT devices and firmware.
- [Freakduino](https://freaklabsstore.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=22&products_id=219&zenid=fpmu2kuuk4abjf6aurt3bjnfk4) - Low Cost Battery Operated Wireless Arduino Board that can be turned into a IEEE 802.15.4 protocol sniffer. - [Freakduino](https://freaklabsstore.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=22&products_id=219&zenid=fpmu2kuuk4abjf6aurt3bjnfk4) - Low Cost Battery Operated Wireless Arduino Board that can be turned into a IEEE 802.15.4 protocol sniffer.
### SDR Tools ### SDR Tools
- [HackRF One](https://greatscottgadgets.com/hackrf/) - Software Defined Radio peripheral capable of transmission or reception of radio signals from 1 MHz to 6 GHz (half-duplex). - [HackRF One](https://greatscottgadgets.com/hackrf/) - Software Defined Radio peripheral capable of transmission or reception of radio signals from 1 MHz to 6 GHz (half-duplex).
- [YardStick One](https://greatscottgadgets.com/yardstickone/) - Half-duplex sub-1 GHz wireless transceiver. - [YardStick One](https://greatscottgadgets.com/yardstickone/) - Half-duplex sub-1 GHz wireless transceiver.
- [LimeSDR](https://www.crowdsupply.com/lime-micro/limesdr) - Software Defined Radio peripheral capable of transmission or reception of radio signals from 100 KHz to 3.8 GHz (full-duplex). - [LimeSDR](https://www.crowdsupply.com/lime-micro/limesdr) - Software Defined Radio peripheral capable of transmission or reception of radio signals from 100 KHz to 3.8 GHz (full-duplex).
@ -109,13 +115,14 @@ Software tools for analyzing embedded/IoT devices and firmware.
- [USRP B Series](https://www.ettus.com/product-categories/usrp-bus-series/) - Software Defined Radio peripheral capable of transmission or reception of radio signals from 70 MHz to 6 GHz (full-duplex). - [USRP B Series](https://www.ettus.com/product-categories/usrp-bus-series/) - Software Defined Radio peripheral capable of transmission or reception of radio signals from 70 MHz to 6 GHz (full-duplex).
### RFID NFC Tools ### RFID NFC Tools
- [Proxmark 3 RDV4](https://www.proxmark.com/) - Powerful general purpose RFID tool. From Low Frequency (125kHz) to High Frequency (13.56MHz) tags. - [Proxmark 3 RDV4](https://www.proxmark.com/) - Powerful general purpose RFID tool. From Low Frequency (125kHz) to High Frequency (13.56MHz) tags.
- [ChamaleonMini](http://chameleontiny.com/) - Programmable, portable tool for NFC security analysis. - [ChamaleonMini](http://chameleontiny.com/) - Programmable, portable tool for NFC security analysis.
- [HydraNFC](https://hydrabus.com/hydranfc-1-0-specifications/) - Powerful 13.56MHz RFID / NFC platform. Read / write / crack / sniff / emulate. - [HydraNFC](https://hydrabus.com/hydranfc-1-0-specifications/) - Powerful 13.56MHz RFID / NFC platform. Read / write / crack / sniff / emulate.
## Books ## Books
- 2020, Fotios Chantzis, Evangel Deirme, Ioannis Stais, Paulino Calderon, Beau Woods: [Practical IoT Hacking](https://www.amazon.com/Fotios-Chantzis-ebook/dp/B085BVVSN6/) - 2020, Fotios Chantzis, Evangel Deirme, Ioannis Stais, Paulino Calderon, Beau Woods: [Practical IoT Hacking](https://www.amazon.com/Fotios-Chantzis-ebook/dp/B085BVVSN6/)
- 2020, Jasper van Woudenberg, Colin O'Flynn: [The Hardware Hacking Handbook: Breaking Embedded Security with Hardware Attacks](https://nostarch.com/hardwarehacking) - 2020, Jasper van Woudenberg, Colin O'Flynn: [The Hardware Hacking Handbook: Breaking Embedded Security with Hardware Attacks](https://nostarch.com/hardwarehacking)
- 2019, Yago Hansen: [The Hacker's Hardware Toolkit: The best collection of hardware gadgets for Red Team hackers, Pentesters and security researchers](https://github.com/yadox666/The-Hackers-Hardware-Toolkit/blob/master/TheHackersHardwareToolkit.pdf) - 2019, Yago Hansen: [The Hacker's Hardware Toolkit: The best collection of hardware gadgets for Red Team hackers, Pentesters and security researchers](https://github.com/yadox666/The-Hackers-Hardware-Toolkit/blob/master/TheHackersHardwareToolkit.pdf)
- 2019, Aditya Gupta: [The IoT Hacker's Handbook: A Practical Guide to Hacking the Internet of Things](https://www.apress.com/us/book/9781484242995) - 2019, Aditya Gupta: [The IoT Hacker's Handbook: A Practical Guide to Hacking the Internet of Things](https://www.apress.com/us/book/9781484242995)
@ -133,7 +140,9 @@ Software tools for analyzing embedded/IoT devices and firmware.
- 2013, Andrew Huang: [Hacking the XBOX](https://nostarch.com/xboxfree) - 2013, Andrew Huang: [Hacking the XBOX](https://nostarch.com/xboxfree)
## Research Papers ## Research Papers
<!--lint ignore match-punctuation--> <!--lint ignore match-punctuation-->
- 2019, Almakhdhub et al: [BenchIoT: A Security Benchmark for the Internet of Things](https://nebelwelt.net/publications/files/19DSN.pdf) - 2019, Almakhdhub et al: [BenchIoT: A Security Benchmark for the Internet of Things](https://nebelwelt.net/publications/files/19DSN.pdf)
- 2019, Alrawi et al: [SoK: Security Evaluation of Home-Based IoT Deployments](https://alrawi.github.io/static/papers/alrawi_sok_sp19.pdf) - 2019, Alrawi et al: [SoK: Security Evaluation of Home-Based IoT Deployments](https://alrawi.github.io/static/papers/alrawi_sok_sp19.pdf)
- 2019, Abbasi et al: [Challenges in Designing Exploit Mitigations for Deeply Embedded Systems](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8806725) - 2019, Abbasi et al: [Challenges in Designing Exploit Mitigations for Deeply Embedded Systems](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8806725)
@ -149,12 +158,13 @@ Software tools for analyzing embedded/IoT devices and firmware.
- 2015, Papp et al: [Embedded Systems Security: Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attack Taxonomy](http://www.cse.psu.edu/~pdm12/cse597g-f15/readings/cse597g-embedded_systems.pdf) - 2015, Papp et al: [Embedded Systems Security: Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attack Taxonomy](http://www.cse.psu.edu/~pdm12/cse597g-f15/readings/cse597g-embedded_systems.pdf)
- 2014, Zaddach et al: [Avatar: A Framework to Support Dynamic Security Analysis of Embedded Systems' Firmwares](http://www.eurecom.fr/en/publication/4158/download/rs-publi-4158.pdf) - 2014, Zaddach et al: [Avatar: A Framework to Support Dynamic Security Analysis of Embedded Systems' Firmwares](http://www.eurecom.fr/en/publication/4158/download/rs-publi-4158.pdf)
- 2014, Alimi et al: [Analysis of embedded applications by evolutionary fuzzing](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6903734/) - 2014, Alimi et al: [Analysis of embedded applications by evolutionary fuzzing](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6903734/)
- 2014, Costin et al: [A Large-Scale Analysis of the Security of Embedded Firmware - 2014, Costin et al: [A Large-Scale Analysis of the Security of Embedded Firmwares](http://www.s3.eurecom.fr/docs/usenixsec14_costin.pdf)
s](http://www.s3.eurecom.fr/docs/usenixsec14_costin.pdf)
- 2013, Davidson et al: [FIE on Firmware: Finding Vulnerabilities in Embedded Systems using Symbolic Execution](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/usenixsecurity13/sec13-paper_davidson.pdf) - 2013, Davidson et al: [FIE on Firmware: Finding Vulnerabilities in Embedded Systems using Symbolic Execution](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/usenixsecurity13/sec13-paper_davidson.pdf)
## Case Studies ## Case Studies
<!--lint ignore no-repeat-punctuation--> <!--lint ignore no-repeat-punctuation-->
- [Binary Hardening in IoT products](https://cyber-itl.org/2019/08/26/iot-data-writeup.html) - [Binary Hardening in IoT products](https://cyber-itl.org/2019/08/26/iot-data-writeup.html)
- [Cracking Linksys “Encryption”](http://www.devttys0.com/2014/02/cracking-linksys-crypto/) - [Cracking Linksys “Encryption”](http://www.devttys0.com/2014/02/cracking-linksys-crypto/)
- [Deadly Sins Of Development](https://youtu.be/nXyglaY9N9w) - Conference talk presenting several real world examples on real bad implementations :tv:. - [Deadly Sins Of Development](https://youtu.be/nXyglaY9N9w) - Conference talk presenting several real world examples on real bad implementations :tv:.
@ -186,14 +196,15 @@ s](http://www.s3.eurecom.fr/docs/usenixsec14_costin.pdf)
- [Siliconpr0n](https://siliconpr0n.org/) - A Wiki/Archive of all things IC reversing. - [Siliconpr0n](https://siliconpr0n.org/) - A Wiki/Archive of all things IC reversing.
### Blogs ### Blogs
<!--lint ignore no-repeat-punctuation--> <!--lint ignore no-repeat-punctuation-->
- [/dev/ttyS0's Embedded Device Hacking](http://www.devttys0.com/blog/) - [/dev/ttyS0's Embedded Device Hacking](http://www.devttys0.com/blog/)
- [Exploiteers](https://www.exploitee.rs/) - [Exploiteers](https://www.exploitee.rs/)
- [Hackaday](https://hackaday.com) - [Hackaday](https://hackaday.com)
- [jcjc's Hack The World](https://jcjc-dev.com/) - [jcjc's Hack The World](https://jcjc-dev.com/)
- [Quarkslab](https://blog.quarkslab.com/) - [Quarkslab](https://blog.quarkslab.com/)
- [wrong baud](https://wrongbaud.github.io/) - [wrong baud](https://wrongbaud.github.io/)
- [Firmware Security](https://firmwaresecurity.com/) - [Firmware Security](https://firmwaresecurity.com/)
- [PenTestPartners](https://www.pentestpartners.com/internet-of-things/) - [PenTestPartners](https://www.pentestpartners.com/internet-of-things/)
- [Attify](https://blog.attify.com/) - [Attify](https://blog.attify.com/)
@ -201,15 +212,15 @@ s](http://www.s3.eurecom.fr/docs/usenixsec14_costin.pdf)
- [GracefulSecurity - Hardware tag](https://gracefulsecurity.com/category/hardware/) - [GracefulSecurity - Hardware tag](https://gracefulsecurity.com/category/hardware/)
- [Black Hills - Hardware Hacking tag](https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/tag/hardware-hacking/) - [Black Hills - Hardware Hacking tag](https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/tag/hardware-hacking/)
### Tutorials and Technical Background ### Tutorials and Technical Background
- [Azeria Lab](https://azeria-labs.com/) - Miscellaneous ARM related Tutorials. - [Azeria Lab](https://azeria-labs.com/) - Miscellaneous ARM related Tutorials.
- [JTAG Explained](https://blog.senr.io/blog/jtag-explained#) - A walkthrough covering UART and JTAG bypassing a protected login shell. - [JTAG Explained](https://blog.senr.io/blog/jtag-explained#) - A walkthrough covering UART and JTAG bypassing a protected login shell.
- [Reverse Engineering Serial Ports](http://www.devttys0.com/2012/11/reverse-engineering-serial-ports/) - Detailed tutorial about how to spot debug pads on a PCB. - [Reverse Engineering Serial Ports](http://www.devttys0.com/2012/11/reverse-engineering-serial-ports/) - Detailed tutorial about how to spot debug pads on a PCB.
- [UART explained](https://www.mikroe.com/blog/uart-serial-communication) - An in depth explanation of the UART protocol. - [UART explained](https://www.mikroe.com/blog/uart-serial-communication) - An in depth explanation of the UART protocol.
## Conferences ## Conferences
Conferences focused on embedded and/or IoT security. Conferences focused on embedded and/or IoT security.
- [Hardwear.io](https://hardwear.io/) - The Hague, September. - [Hardwear.io](https://hardwear.io/) - The Hague, September.
@ -225,4 +236,3 @@ Contributions welcome! Read the [contribution guidelines](contributing.md) first
To the extent possible under law, Fraunhofer FKIE has waived all copyright and To the extent possible under law, Fraunhofer FKIE has waived all copyright and
related or neighboring rights to this work. related or neighboring rights to this work.